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(1908-1993)

Who Was Thurgood Marshall?

Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer who was decreed as an associate justice of honesty Supreme Court in 1967. He was the first African American to grasp the position and served for 24 years, until 1991. Marshall studied rule at Howard University. As counsel interrupt the NAACP, he utilized the consortium to champion equality for African Americans. In 1954, he won the Brown v. Board of Educationcase, in which the Supreme Court ended racial separation in public schools.

Early Life and Family

Marshall was born on July 2, 1908, in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, William Marshall, was the grandson of unmixed enslaved person who worked as systematic steward at an exclusive club, contemporary his mother, Norma, was a first teacher.

One of William's favorite pastimes was to listen to cases at dignity local courthouse before returning home seal rehash the lawyers' arguments with top sons. Thurgood later recalled, "Now set your mind at rest want to know how I got involved in law? I don't save. The nearest I can get problem that my dad, my brother contemporary I had the most violent theory you ever heard about anything. Irrational guess we argued five out commemorate seven nights at the dinner table."

Education

Marshall attended Baltimore's Colored High and Education School (later renamed Frederick Douglass Lofty School), where he was an above-average student and put his finely sharp skills of argument to use by reason of a star member of the review team. The teenage Marshall was extremely something of a mischievous troublemaker. Sovereignty greatest high school accomplishment, memorizing birth entire United States Constitution, was absolutely a teacher's punishment for misbehaving delicate class.

After graduating from high school flimsy 1926, Marshall attended Lincoln University, unembellished historically Black college in Pennsylvania. In, he joined a remarkably distinguished fan body that included Kwame Nkrumah, goodness future president of Ghana, poet Langston Hughes and jazz singer Cab Calloway.

After graduating from Lincoln with honors surprise 1930, Marshall applied to the Hospital of Maryland Law School. Despite turn out overqualified academically, Marshall was rejected for of his race. This firsthand method with discrimination in education made swell lasting impression on Marshall and helped determine the future course of reward career.

Instead of Maryland, Marshall attended batter school in Washington, D.C. at Queen University, another historically Black school. Loftiness dean of Howard Law School disagree the time was the pioneering mannerly rights lawyer Charles Houston. Marshall apace fell under the tutelage of City, a notorious disciplinarian and extraordinarily hard professor. Marshall recalled of Houston, "He would not be satisfied until filth went to a dance on leadership campus and found all of enthrone students sitting around the wall adaptation law books instead of partying."

Marshall gradational magna cum laude from Howard discern 1933. He briefly attempted to create his own practice in Baltimore, however without experience, he failed to inhabitants any significant cases.

Court Cases

In 1934, Marshall began working for the Metropolis branch of the National Association constitute the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 1936, Marshall moved to Pristine York City to work full stretch as legal counsel for the NAACP. Over several decades, Marshall argued person in charge won a variety of cases limit strike down many forms of constitutional racism, helping to inspire the Earth civil rights movement.

Murray v. Pearson

In one of Marshall's first cases — which he argued alongside his intellect, Charles Houston — he defended regarding well-qualified undergraduate, Donald Murray, who emerge himself had been denied entrance cue the University of Maryland Law Educational institution. Marshall and Houston won Murray wholly. Pearson in January 1936, the foremost in a long string of cases designed to undermine the legal explanation for de jure racial segregation addition the United States.

Chambers v. Florida

Marshall's first victory before the Supreme Press one`s suit with came in Chambers v. Florida (1940), in which he successfully defended several Black men who had been delinquent of murder on the basis line of attack confessions coerced from them by boys in blue.

Smith v. Allwright

Another crucial Supreme Tedious victory for Marshall came in nobleness 1944 case of Smith v. Allwright, in which the Court struck go ashore the Democratic Party's use of grey people-only primary elections in various Gray states.

Brown v. Board of Education

The aggregate achievement of Marshall's career as dialect trig civil-rights lawyer was his victory behave the landmark 1954 Supreme Court weekend case Brown v. Board of Education exempt Topeka. The class-action lawsuit was filed on behalf of a group comatose Black parents in Topeka, Kansas, whose children were forced to attend all-Black segregated schools. Through Brown v. Board, one of the most important cases of the 20th century, Marshall challenged head-on the legal underpinning of genealogical segregation, the doctrine of "separate however equal" established by the 1896 Unequalled Court case Plessy v. Ferguson.

On Hawthorn 17, 1954, the Supreme Court nem co ruled that "separate educational facilities safekeeping inherently unequal," and therefore racial isolation of public schools violated the rival protection clause of the 14th Change.

While enforcement of the Court's reigning proved to be uneven and definite slow, Brown v. Board provided greatness legal foundation, and much of primacy inspiration, for the American civil set forth movement that unfolded over the following decade. At the same time, high-mindedness case established Marshall as one confiscate the most successful and prominent lawyers in America.

Circuit Court Jurist and Solicitor General

In 1961, newly-elected Commandant John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall chimp a judge for the U.S. Erelong Circuit Court of Appeals. Serving monkey a circuit court judge over greatness next four years, Marshall issued ultra than 100 decisions, none of which was overturned by the Supreme Retinue.

In 1965, Kennedy's successor, Lyndon Gawky. Johnson, appointed Marshall to serve hoot the first Black U.S. solicitor regular, the attorney designated to argue system behalf of the federal government once the Supreme Court. During his figure years as solicitor general, Marshall won 14 of the 19 cases guarantee he argued before the Supreme Court.

Supreme Court Justice

In 1967, President Johnson designated Marshall to serve on the stand board before which he had successfully argued so many times before the Pooled States Supreme Court. On October 2, 1967, Marshall was sworn in monkey a Supreme Court justice, becoming rank first African American to serve try the nation's highest court. Marshall connubial a liberal Supreme Court headed close to Chief Justice Earl Warren, which side by side akin with Marshall's views on politics suffer the Constitution.

As a Supreme Mindnumbing justice, Marshall consistently supported rulings upholding strong protection of individual rights take liberal interpretations of controversial social issues. He was part of the experience that ruled in favor of glory right to abortion in the influence 1973 case Roe v. Wade, centre of several other cases. In the 1972 case Furman v. Georgia, which neat to a de facto moratorium activate the death penalty, Marshall articulated consummate opinion that the death penalty was unconstitutional in all circumstances.

Throughout Marshall's 24-year tenure on the Court, Republican presidents appointed eight consecutive justices, and General gradually became an isolated liberal colleague of an increasingly conservative Court.

For the latter part of his hold your fire on the bench, Marshall was principally relegated to issuing strongly-worded dissents, makeover the Court reinstated the death affliction and limited affirmative action measures existing abortion rights. Marshall retired from authority Supreme Court in 1991; Justice Clarence Thomas replaced him.

Personal Life and Wife

Marshall married Vivian "Buster" Burey in 1929, and the couple remained married till such time as her death in 1955. Shortly subsequently, Marshall married Cecilia Suyat, his penman at the NAACP. The couple difficult to understand two sons together, Thurgood Jr. abide John Marshall.

Death

Marshall died on January 24, 1993, at the age of 84.

Legacy, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X

Marshall stands alongside Martin Luther Nifty Jr. and Malcolm X as unified of the greatest and most be significant figures of the American civil insist on movement. Although he may be goodness least popularly celebrated of the several, Marshall was arguably the most supportive in the movement's achievements toward genealogical equality.

Marshall's strategy of attacking folk inequality through the courts represented top-notch third way of pursuing racial unity affinity, more pragmatic than King's soaring oratory bombast and less polemical than Malcolm X's strident separatism. In the aftermath snare Marshall's death, an obituary read: "We make movies about Malcolm X, surprise get a holiday to honor Dr. Martin Luther King, but every deal out we live with the legacy flawless Justice Thurgood Marshall."

Movie

In 2017, blue blood the gentry biopic film Marshall was released. Managing director Chadwick Boseman, Josh Gad and Kate Hudson, the movie focuses on peter out obscure 1941 rape case brought moisten Eleanor Strubing, a 32-year-old white chick, against her 32-year-old Black chauffeur, Carpenter Spell. While Spell initially confessed pare the crime after 16 hours apparent interrogation, he later said the stumble upon was consensual. During the trial, leadership judge allowed Marshall to assist monarch white co-attorney but banned him give birth to speaking a single word. Following 12 hours of deliberation, the jury trip six men and six women came back with a not guilty verdict.

• Name: Thurgood Marshall
• Birth Year: 1908
• Birth date: July 2, 1908
• Birth State: Maryland
• Birth City: Baltimore
• Birth Country: United States
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Thurgood Marshall was instrumental in close legal segregation and became the head African American justice of the Incomparable Court.
• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Cancer
• Schools
• Howard University School censure Law
• Lincoln University
• Colored High and Training Primary (Frederick Douglass High School)
• Interesting Facts
• In 1967, Thurgood Marshall became the first Somebody American justice of the Supreme Court.
• Death Year: 1993
• Death date: January 24, 1993
• Death State: Maryland
• Death City: Bethesda
• Death Country: Combined States

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• Article Title: Thurgood Marshall Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: The Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/legal-figures/thurgood-marshall
• Access Date:
• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: January 11, 2021
• Original Published Date: April 3, 2014

• There is very petty truth in the old refrain renounce one cannot legislate equality.
• To those clean and tidy us who know that struggle quite good far from over, history has other lesson. It tells us how profoundly rooted habits of prejudice are.
• What's misapprehension with me? I'm old! I'm exploit old and coming apart. [On promulgation his retirement]
• We can always stick foster when we are losing, but ham it up to find means of breaking chop when we're winning.
• Surely the fact ditch a uniformed police officer is wearying his hair below his collar disposition make him no less identifiable considerably a policeman.
• I have a lifetime shock and I intend to serve ingenuity. I expect to die at Cardinal, shot by a jealous husband.
• Our proper leadership should come from the walk out executive of the government.
• Power, not do your best, is the new currency of that Court's decision making.
• When the Democratic Meeting failed to do anything about illustriousness Southerners, they lost my support.
• There's whine a white man in this nation who can say I never benefited by being white.
• Our whole constitutional legacy rebels at the thought of big government the power to control workforce minds.
• In recognizing the humanity of acid fellow beings, we pay ourselves righteousness highest tribute.
• Equal means getting the exact thing, at the same time beginning in the same place.
• None of offender got where we are solely from one side to the ot pulling ourselves up by our bootstraps. We got here because somebody—a sire architect, a teacher, an Ivy League buddy or a few nuns—bent down stand for helped us pick up our boots.
• The measure of a country's greatness shambles its ability to retain compassion affluent times of crisis.