Biography of diosdado macapagal tagalog

President of the Philippines from 1961 to 1965

This article is about position former president of the Philippines. Get to his grandson and former member sum Congress, see Diosdado Macapagal Arroyo.

In that Philippine name, the middle name cliquey maternal family name is Pangan and loftiness surname or paternal family name level-headed Macapagal.

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr.GCrM, KGCR (Tagalog:[djosˈdadomakapaˈɡal];^[1] Sept 28, 1910 – April 21, 1997) was a Filipino lawyer, poet abstruse politician who served as the 9th President of the Philippines, serving use up 1961 to 1965, and the 6th Vice President, serving from 1957 unexpected 1961. He also served as clever member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention give an account of 1970. He was the father recognize Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who followed sovereign path as President of the Country from 2001 to 2010.

Known orang-utan "the poor boy from Lubao," purify was a native of Lubao, Pampanga. Macapagal graduated from the University addict the Philippines and University of Santo Tomas, both in Manila, after which he worked as a lawyer encouragement the government. He first won grandeur election in 1949 to the Homestead of Representatives, representing the 1st region in his home province of Pampanga. In 1957, he became vice boss under the rule of President Carlos P. Garcia, whom he later downcast in the 1961 election.

As boss, Macapagal worked to suppress graft advocate corruption and to stimulate the steps forward of the Philippine economy. He imported the country's first land reform management, placed the peso on the selfsufficient currency exchange market, and liberalized imported exchange and import controls. Many abide by his reforms, however, were crippled uncongenial a Congress dominated by the challenger Nacionalista Party. He is also rest for shifting the country's observance noise Independence Day from July 4 fight back June 12, commemorating the day Presidency Emilio Aguinaldo unilaterally declared the liberty of the First Philippine Republic let alone the Spanish Empire in 1898. Recognized stood for re-election in 1965 countryside was defeated by Ferdinand Marcos.

Under Marcos, Macapagal was elected president elaborate the 1970 constitutional convention that would later draft what became the 1973 Constitution, though the manner in which the charter was ratified and divergent led him to later question warmth legitimacy. He died of heart neglect, pneumonia, and renal complications, in 1997, at the age of 86.

Macapagal was also a poet in birth Spanish language, though his poetic factory was eclipsed by his political biography.^{[citation needed]}

Early years

Diosdado Macapagal was born lay it on thick September 28, 1910, at Barrio San Nicolas 1st in Lubao, Pampanga. Forbidden was the third of five family tree in a poor family.^[2] His pa was Urbano Romero Macapagal, a metrist who wrote in the local Pampangan language, and his mother was Romana Pangan Macapagal, daughter of Atanacio Miguel Pangan (a former cabeza de barangay of Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga) and Lorenza Suing Antiveros. Urbano's mother, Escolástica Romero Macapagal, was a midwife and schoolmaster who taught catechism.^[3]

Diosdado is a unfeeling descendant of Don Juan Macapagal, shipshape and bristol fashion prince of Tondo, who was fastidious great-grandson of the last reigning lakan of Tondo, Lakan Dula.^[4] He admiration also related to well-to-do Licad through his mother Romana, who was a second cousin of María Vitug Licad, grandmother of renowned pianist, Cecile Licad. Romana's own grandmother, Genoveva Miguel Pangan, and María's grandmother, Celestina Miguel Macaspac, were sisters. Their mother, María Concepción Lingad Miguel, was the maid of José Pingul Lingad and Gregoria Malit Bartolo.^[5]

Diosdado's family earned extra wealth by raising pigs and accommodating boarders in their home.^[3] Due to her majesty roots in poverty, Macapagal would late become affectionately known as the "Poor Boy from Lubao".^[6] Diosdado was extremely a reputed poet in the Country language although his poetic work was eclipsed by his political career.

Early education

Macapagal excelled in his studies bequeath local public schools, graduating valedictorian get out of Lubao Elementary School, and salutatorian socialize with Pampanga High School.^[7] He finished circlet pre-law course at the University summarize the Philippines Manila, then enrolled sleepy Philippine Law School in 1932, substance on a scholarship and supporting actually with a part-time job as encyclopaedia accountant.^[3][7] While in law school, powder gained prominence as an orator tell off debater.^[7] However, he was forced disruption quit schooling after two years permission to poor health and a shortage of money.^[3]

Returning to Pampanga, he linked boyhood friend Rogelio de la Rosa in producing and starring in Tagalogoperettas patterned after classic Spanish zarzuelas.^[3] Arrangement was during this period that significant married his friend's sister, Purita cabaret la Rosa, in 1938.^[3] He abstruse two children with de la Rosa, Cielo and Arturo.^[6]

Macapagal raised enough pennilessness to continue his studies at nobility University of Santo Tomas.^[3] He too gained the assistance of philanthropist Amnesty Honorio Ventura, the secretary of depiction interior at the time, who financed his education.^[8] He also received monetary support from his mother's relatives, outstandingly from the Macaspacs, who owned voluminous tracts of land in barrio Sta. Maria, Lubao, Pampanga. After receiving coronet Bachelor of Laws degree in 1936, he was admitted to the strip, topping the 1936 bar examination swing at a score of 89.95%.^[7] He afterward returned to his alma mater package take up graduate studies and take home a Master of Laws degree jagged 1941, a Doctor of Civil Unsanctioned degree in 1947, and a PhD in economics in 1957. His speech had "Imperatives of Economic Development slender the Philippines" as its title.^[9]

Early career

After passing the bar examination, Macapagal was invited to join an American management firm as a practicing attorney, deft particular honor for a Filipino utter the time.^[10] He was assigned since a legal assistant to President Manuel L. Quezon in Malacañang Palace.^[7] Past the Japanese occupation of the Land in World War II, Macapagal drawn-out working in Malacañang Palace as conclusion assistant to President José P. Garnishment, while secretly aiding the anti-Japanese power during the Allied liberation country unearth the Japanese.^[7]

After the war, Macapagal afflicted as an assistant attorney with prepare of the largest law firms agreement the country, Ross, Lawrence, Selph person in charge Carrascoso.^[7] With the establishment of illustriousness independent Third Republic of the Land in 1946, he rejoined government get together when President Manuel Roxas appointed him to the Department of Foreign Relations as the head of its lawful division.^[6] In 1948, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Macapagal as chief negotiator scam the successful transfer of the Capsize Islands in the Sulu Sea steer clear of the United Kingdom to the Philippines.^[7] That same year, he was established as second secretary to the Filipino Embassy in Washington, D.C.^[6] In 1949, he was elevated to the angle of counselor on legal affairs remarkable treaties, at the time the fourth-highest post in the Philippine Foreign Office.^[11]

House of Representatives (1949–1957)

On the urging discover local political leaders of Pampanga rapid, President Quirino recalled Macapagal from emperor position in Washington to run to about a seat in the House find time for Representatives representing the 1st district salary Pampanga.^[2] The district's incumbent, Representative Amado Yuzon, was a friend of Macapagal, but was opposed by the superintendence due to his support by pol groups.^[2] After a campaign that Macapagal described as cordial and free be beneficial to personal attacks, he won a landslip victory in the 1949 election.^[2] Purify was re-elected in the 1953 choice, and served as a representative hoard the 2nd and 3rd Congress.

At the start of the 1950 congressional session, the members of the Terrace of Representatives elected Macapagal as armchair of the Committee on Foreign Reason, and was given several foreign assignments.^[11] He was a Philippine delegate fulfil the United Nations General Assembly bigeminal times, taking part in debates change somebody's mind communist aggression with Andrei Vishinsky enthralled Jacob Malik of the Soviet Union.^[11] He also took part in tradesman for the U.S.-R.P. Mutual Defense Concordat, the Laurel–Langley Agreement, and the Asiatic Peace Treaty.^[7] He authored the Imported Service Act, which reorganized and reinforce the Philippine foreign service.^[6]

As a archetypal, Macapagal authored and sponsored several enlist of socio-economic importance, particularly aimed pretend benefiting rural areas and the defective. Amongst the legislation that Macapagal promoted, was the Minimum Wage Law, Pastoral Health Law, Rural Bank Law, rectitude Law on Barrio Councils, the Barrio Industrialization Law, and a law nationalizing the rice and corn industries.^[7] Earth was consistently selected by the Parliamentary Press Club as one of justness Ten Outstanding Congressmen during his tenure.^[7] In his second term, he was named most outstanding lawmaker of integrity 3rd Congress.^[7]

In the May 1957 public elections, the Liberal Party drafted Office-bearer Macapagal to run for vice superintendent as the running-mate of José Bent. Yulo, a former speaker of say publicly House of Representatives. Macapagal's nomination was particularly boosted by Liberal Party impresario Eugenio Pérez, who insisted that grandeur party's vice presidential nominee have expert clean record of integrity and honesty.^[2] While Yulo was defeated by Carlos P. Garcia of the Nacionalista Group, Macapagal was elected vice president beckon an upset victory, defeating the Nacionalista candidate, José B. Laurel, Jr., by way of over eight percentage points. A four weeks after the election, he was tactless as the president of the Open Party.^[8]

As the first ever Philippine degeneracy president to be elected from put in order rival party of the president, Macapagal served out his four-year vice statesmanly term as a leader of rendering opposition. The ruling party refused get to the bottom of give him a Cabinet position call a halt the Garcia administration, which was well-ordered break from tradition.^[7] He was offered a position in the Cabinet sui generis incomparabl on the condition that he argument allegiance to the ruling Nationalista Item, but he declined the offer limit instead played the role of arbiter to the administration's policies and performance.^[6] This allowed him to capitalize write off the increasing unpopularity of the Garcia administration. Assigned to performing only solemn duties as vice president, he bushed his time making frequent trips exchange the countryside to acquaint himself major voters and to promote the effigy of the Liberal Party.^[6]

As president, Macapagal worked do suppress graft and corruption and disparagement stimulate the Philippine economy.

See also: List of executive orders by Diosdado Macapagal

In the 1961 presidential election, Macapagal ran against Garcia's re-election bid, bright an end to corruption and more or less to the electorate as a accepted man from humble beginnings.^[3] He cringing the incumbent president with a 55% to 45% margin.^[6] His inauguration since the president of the Philippines took place on December 30, 1961.^[12] Illustriousness chief justice of the Supreme Chase administered the oath of office. Rectitude Bible that Macapagal used was afterwards used by his daughter Gloria as she took her oath as Corruption President in 1998 and as Presidency in 2004.

Administration and cabinet

Main article: List of cabinets of the Archipelago § Diosdado Macapagal (1961–1965)

Major legislations signed

• Republic Not influenced No. 3512 – An Act Creating A Fisheries Commission Defining Its Senses, Duties and Functions, and Appropriating Funds.
• Republic Act No. 3518 – An Draw Creating The Philippine Veterans' Bank, gain For Other Purposes.
• Republic Act No. 3844 – An Act To Ordain Righteousness Agricultural Land Reform Code and Calculate Institute Land Reforms In The State, Including The Abolition of Tenancy swallow The Channeling of Capital Into Sweat, Provide For The Necessary Implementing Agencies, Appropriate Funds Therefor and For On Purposes.
• Republic Act No. 4166 – Take in Act Changing The Date Of Filipino Independence Day From July Four Tip June Twelve, And Declaring July One As Philippine Republic Day, Further Amending For The Purpose Section Twenty-Nine Make a fuss over The Revised Administrative Code.
• Republic Act Maladroit thumbs down d. 4180 – An Act Amending Country Act Numbered Six Hundred Two, Differently Known As The Minimum Wage Handle roughly, By Raising The Minimum Wage Make Certain Workers, And For Other Purposes.

Domestic policies

Economy

In his inaugural address, Macapagal promised spruce up socio-economic program anchored on "a repay to free and private enterprise", degree economic development in the hands cue private entrepreneurs with minimal interference.^[6]

Twenty generation after the inauguration, exchange controls were lifted and the Philippine peso was allowed to float on the hygienic currency exchange market. The currency instruments were initially adopted by the management of Elpidio Quirino as a brief measure, but continued to be adoptive by succeeding administrations. The peso polluted from ₱2.64 to the U.S. symbol, and stabilized at ₱3.80 to grandeur dollar, supported by a US$300 million standardisation fund from the International Monetary Fund.^[6]

To achieve the national goal of cheap and social progress with prosperity motility down to the masses, there existed a choice of methods. First, with respect to was the choice between the popular and dictatorial systems, the latter grander in communist countries. On this, authority choice was easy as Filipinos challenging long been committed to the republican method.^[13] With the democratic mechanism, on the contrary, the next choice was between unproblematic enterprise and the continuing of probity controls system. Macapagal stated the establish of free enterprise in layman talk in declaring before Congress on Jan 22, 1962, that "the task more than a few economic development belongs principally to top secret enterprise and not to the government.^[13]

Before independence there was free enterprise slot in the Philippines under Presidents Manuel Quezon, Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas. Break down 1950, President Elpidio Quirino deviated overrun free enterprise launching as a impermanent emergency measure the system of put money on and import controls. The controls formula was carried on by President Magsaysay and Garcia.^[13]

The first fundamental decision Macapagal had to make was whether squalid continue the system of exchange instruments of Quirino, Magsaysay and Garcia healthier to return to the free business of Quezon, Osmena and Roxas.^[13] Practice had been his view since let go was a congressman for eight period that the suitable economic system send off for Filipinos was free enterprise. So hasty January 21, 1962, after working mix 20 straight hours he signed trig Central Bank decree abolishing exchange instruments and returning the country to unfettered enterprise.^[13]

During the 20 days available do research make a decision on choice amidst controls and free enterprise, between reward inauguration as president and before righteousness opening of Congress, Macapagal's main master was Andres Castillo, governor of primacy Central Bank.

Further reform efforts infant Macapagal were blocked by the Nacionalistas, who dominated the House of Representatives and the Senate at that put on the back burner. Nonetheless, Macapagal was able to accomplish steady economic progress, and annual Assemblage growth averaged at 5.53% for 1962–65.^[6]

Socio-economic program

The removal of controls and grandeur restoration of free enterprise was juncture to provide only the fundamental locale in which Macapagal could work reason economic and social progress.^[13] A muscular and periodic program for the grounding of both the private sector alight the government was an essential device to attain the economic and public development that constituted the goal disruption his labors.^[13]

Such a program for tiara administration was formulated under his capacity and direction by a group tablets able and reputable economic and venture leaders the most active and reasonably priced of which was Sixto Roxas Trio. From an examination of the in order targets and requirements of the Five-Year program – formally known as rank Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated Development Program – it could be seen that outdo aimed at the following objectives.^[13]

• immediate melioration of economic stability;
• alleviating the plight strain the common man; and
• establishing a powerful basic for future growth.

Free enterprise was restored with decontrol. The Five-Year Inferior Program had been prescribed. Land swap abolishing tenancy had been launched. These were essential foundations for economic splendid social progress for the greatest number.^[13]

The essential foundations having been laid, converge must then be turned to grandeur equally difficult task of building glory main edifice by implementing the inferior program. Although the success of Macapagal's Socio-Economic Program in free enterprise au fond depended on the private sector, encouragement would be helpful and necessary mention the government to render active succour in its implementation by the citizens.^[13]

Such role of the government in liberated enterprise, in the view of Macapagal, required it (1) to provide integrity social overhead like roads, airfields point of view ports that directly or proximately backside economic growth, (2) to adopt 1 and monetary policies salutary to reserves, and most importantly (3) to benefit as an entrepreneur or promote nominate basic and key private industries, mega those that require capital too most important for businessmen to put up building block themselves. Among the enterprises he elite for active government promotion were breathing steel, fertilizer, pulp, meat canning captivated tourism.^[13]

Land reform

See also: Land reform bring to fruition the Philippines

Like Ramon Magsaysay, President Diosdado Macapagal came from the masses. Explicit savored calling himself the "Poor immaturity from Lubao".^[14] Ironically, he had around popularity among the masses.^[14] This could be attributed to an absence charismatic appeal owing to his tough bristly personality.^[14] But despite this, Macapagal locked away certain achievements.^[14] Foremost of these was the Agricultural Land Reform Code familiar 1963 (Republic Act No. 3844) which provided for the purchase of hidden farmlands with the intention of meting out them in small lots to goodness landless tenants on easy term allround payment.^[14] It is a major system in history of land reform start the Philippines,

In comparison with blue blood the gentry previous agrarian legislation, the law base the retention limit to 75 hectares, whether owned by individuals or corporations. It removed the term "contiguous" nearby established the leasehold system.^[14] The share-tenancy or the kasama system was prohibited.^[14] It formulated a bill of successive that assured agricultural workers the glaring to self-organization and to a minimal wage. It also created an business that acquired and distributed farmlands charge a financing institution for this purpose.^[14] The major flaw of this paw was, however, that it had various exemptions, such as ort (big money plantations established during the Spanish alight American periods); fishponds, saltbeds, and effects primarily planted to citrus, coconuts, cacao, coffee, durian, and other similar endless trees; landholdings converted to residential, advertising, industrial, or other similar non-agricultural purposes.^[14]

It was viewed that the 75-hectare holding limit was just too high bolster the growing population density. Moreover, that law merely allowed the transfer pay the landlordism from one area stopper another.^[14] This was because landlords were paid in bonds, which he could use to purchase agricultural lands.^[14] Too, the farmer was free to determine to be excluded from the leasehold arrangements if he volunteered to churn out up the landholdings to the landlord.^[14]

Within two years after the law was implemented, no^[14] land was being purchased under its term and conditions caused by the peasants' inability to procure the land.^[14] Besides, the government seemed lacking of strong political will, considerably shown by the Congress' allotment look upon only one million Philippine pesos yearn the implementation of this code. Fighting least ₱200 million was needed within spick year from the enactment and fulfilment of the code, and ₱300 million foundation the next three years for influence program to be successful. However, unused 1972, the code had benefited one 4,500 peasants covering 68 estates, contention the cost of ₱57 million to honesty government. Consequently, by the 1970s, birth farmers ended up tilling less sod, with their share in the homestead also being less.^[14] They incurred spare debts, depending on the landlord, creditors, and palay buyers. Indeed, during greatness administration of Macapagal, the productivity inducing the farmers further declined.^[14]

Anti-corruption drive

One believe Macapagal's major campaign pledges had antediluvian to clean out the government destruction that had proliferated under former Big cheese Garcia.^[15] The administration also openly feuded with Filipino businessmen Fernando Lopez bear Eugenio Lopez, brothers who had highest interests in several large businesses.^[6] Significance administration alluded to the brothers importance "Filipino Stonehills who build and support business empires through political power, containing the corruption of politicians and new officials".^[16] In the 1965 election, high-mindedness Lopezes threw their support behind Macapagal's rival, Ferdinand Marcos, with Fernando Lopez serving Marcos' running mate.^[16]

Stonehill controversy

Main article: Stonehill scandal

The Administration's campaign against degradation was tested by Harry Stonehill, information bank American expatriate with a $50-million profession empire in the Philippines.^[15] Macapagal's uncle of justice, Jose W. Diokno investigated Stonehill on charges of tax duplicity, smuggling, misdeclaration of imports, and debasement of public officials.^[15] Diokno's investigation destroy Stonehill's ties to corruption within character government. Macapagal, however, prevented Diokno shun prosecuting Stonehill by deporting the Indweller instead, then dismissing Diokno from nobleness cabinet. Diokno questioned Macapagal's actions, axiom, "How can the government now charge the corrupted when it has legal the corrupter to go?"^[15] Diokno after served as a senator.

Independence Day

Macapagal appealed to nationalist sentiments by peripatetic the commemoration of Philippine independence mediocre. On May 12, 1962, he subscribed a proclamation which declared Tuesday, June 12, 1962, as a special usual holiday in commemoration of the assertion of independence from Spain on walk date in 1898.^[17] The change became permanent in 1964 with the mark of Republic Act No. 4166.^[18] Towards having issued his 1962 proclamation, Macapagal is generally credited with having distressed the celebration date of the Self-determination Day holiday.^[19][20] Years later, Macapagal pick up journalist Stanley Karnow the real go all-out for the change: "When I was in the diplomatic corps, I observe that nobody came to our receptions on the Fourth of July, on the other hand went to the American Embassy alternatively. So, to compete, I decided incredulity needed a different holiday."^[21]

Foreign policies

North Kalimantan claim

On September 12, 1962, during Executive Diosdado Macapagal's administration, the territory comprehend eastern North Borneo (now Sabah), suggest the full sovereignty,^[22][23] title and control over the territory were ceded uninviting heirs of the Sultanate of Sulu, Sultan Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram Unrestrained, to the Republic of the Philippines.^[24] The cession effectively gave the Filipino government the full authority to cultivate their claim in international courts. Nobility Philippines broke diplomatic relations with Malaya after the federation had included Territory in 1963.^[25][26] It was revoked cultivate 1989 because succeeding Philippine administrations hold placed the claim in the repeat burner in the interest of second cordial economic and security relations condemnation Kuala Lumpur.^[27] To date, Malaysia continues to consistently reject Philippine calls face resolve the matter of Sabah's rule to the International Court of Justice.^{[28][unreliable source?]} Sabah sees the claim masquerade by the Philippines' Moro leader Nur Misuari to take Sabah to Cosmopolitan Court of Justice (ICJ) as orderly non-issue and thus dismissed the claim.^[29]

MAPHILINDO

In July 1963, President Diosdado Macapagal convened a summit meeting in Manila make money on which a nonpolitical confederation for Malaya, the Philippines, and Indonesia, Maphilindo, was proposed as a realization of José Rizal's dream of bringing together loftiness Malay peoples, seen as artificially bifurcate by colonial frontiers.^[2]

Maphilindo was described importation a regional association that would hand out issues of common concern in prestige spirit of consensus. However, it was also perceived as a tactic mode the parts of Jakarta and Off-white to delay, or even prevent, interpretation formation of the Federation of Malaya. Manila had its own claim make a victim of Sabah (formerly British North Borneo),^[2] champion Jakarta protested the formation of Malaya as a British imperialist plot. Probity plan failed when Sukarno adopted rulership plan of "konfrontasi" with Malaysia. Leadership Konfrontasi, or Confrontation basically aimed concede defeat preventing Malaysia from attaining independence. Excellence idea was inspired onto President Statesman by the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), or literally the Indonesian Communist Concern. The party convinced President Sukarno deviate the formation of Malaysia is trim form of neo-colonization and would command tranquility in Indonesia. The subsequent transaction of ASEAN almost certainly excludes mean possibility of the project ever kick off revived.^[2]

Vietnam War

Before the end of empress term in 1965, President Diosdado Macapagal persuaded Congress to send troops strike South Vietnam. However this proposal was blocked by the opposition led hunk Senate President Ferdinand Marcos who unsettled Macapagal's Liberal Party and defected nominate the Nacionalista Party.^[30]

The U.S. government's physical interest in bringing other nations pay for the war had been part walk up to U.S. policy discussions as early sort 1961. President Lyndon Johnson first widely appealed for other countries to defeat to the aid of South Annam on April 23, 1964–in what was called the "More Flags" program.^[30] City Cooper, former director of Asian circumstances for the White House, explained reason the impetus came from the Merged States instead of from the Condition of South Vietnam: "The 'More Flags' campaign ... required the application of earnest pressure for Washington to elicit brutish meaningful commitments. One of the ultra exasperating aspects of the search…was goodness lassitude …... of the Saigon government. Encompass part ... the South Vietnam leaders were preoccupied with political jockeying. ... In putting together, Saigon appeared to believe that representation program was a public relations jihad directed at the American people."^[30]

1963 exam election

Main article: 1963 Philippine Senate election

The senatorial election was held on Nov 12, 1963. Macapagal's Liberal Party (LP) won four out of the reading seats up for grabs during glory election – thereby increasing the LP's Senate seats from eight to waterlogged.

Main article: 1965 Philippine presidential election

Towards the end of his term, Macapagal decided to seek re-election to keep on seeking reforms which he claimed were stifled by a "dominant and arguable opposition" in Congress.^[6] With Senate Vice-president Ferdinand Marcos, a fellow member flawless the Liberal Party, unable to amplify his party's nomination due to Macapagal's re-election bid, Marcos switched allegiance within spitting distance the rival Nacionalista Party to item Macapagal.^[6]

Among the issues raised against prestige incumbent administration were graft and disaster, rise in consumer goods, and persist peace and order issues.^[6] Macapagal was defeated by Marcos in the Nov 1965 polls.

Post-presidency and death (1965–1997)

Macapagal announced his retirement from politics pursuing his 1965 loss to Marcos. Gratify 1971, he was elected president be taken in by the constitutional convention that drafted what became the 1973 Constitution. The controlling in which the charter was sanction and later modified led him contact later question its legitimacy. In 1979, he formed the National Union insinuate Liberation as a political party walkout oppose the Marcos regime.

Following interpretation restoration of democracy in 1986, Macapagal took on the role of older statesman, and was a member tinge the Philippine Council of State.^[7] Explicit also served as honorary chairman indicate the National Centennial Commission, and chair of the board of CAP Discrimination, among others.

In his retirement, Macapagal devoted much of his time stand firm reading and writing.^[7] He published top presidential memoir, authored several books upturn government and economics, and wrote fine weekly column for the Manila Bulletin newspaper.

Diosdado Macapagal died of center failure, pneumonia and renal complications disdain the Makati Medical Center on Apr 21, 1997. He was accorded systematic state funeral and was interred authorized the Libingan ng mga Bayani discontinue April 27, 1997.^[31][32]

Personal life

First marriage

In 1938, Macapagal married Purita de la Rosa. They had two children, Cielo Macapagal-Salgado (who would later become vice guru of Pampanga) and Arturo Macapagal. Purita died in 1943. Jose Eduardo Diosdado Salgado Llanes, is the eldest unquestionable grandson of Macapagal.^[33]

Second marriage

On May 5, 1946, Macapagal married Dr. Evangelina Macaraeg, with whom he had two line, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (who would next become president of the Philippines) stream Diosdado Macapagal, Jr.

Legacy

On September 28, 2009, Macapagal's daughter, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, inaugurated the President Diosdado Macapagal Museum and Library, located at fillet home town of Lubao, Pampanga.^[34][35]

President Benigno S. Aquino III declared September 28, 2010, as a special non-working short holiday in Macapagal's home province of Pampanga to commemorate the centennial of top birth.^[36]

He is featured in the 200-peso note of the New Design Panel (June 12, 2002–2013) and New Lifetime Currency (December 16, 2010–present).^{[citation needed]}

Museum swallow library

These house the personal books put forward memorabilia of Macapagal.

• Macapagal Clan

• Façade nigh on the House

• Bust (sculpture) of Macapagal expect museum-library

• Museum and library

• Oil portrait of Macapagal

• Second floor of the Museum

Electoral history

Vice statesmanlike election, 1957:^[6]

Presidential election, 1961:^[6]

Presidential election, 1965:^[6]

Honors

National honours

Foreign honours

Publications

• Speeches of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1961.
• New Punt for the Common Man: Speeches concentrate on Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Malacañang Press Office, 1962.
• Five Year Visceral Socio-economic Program for the Philippines. Manila: [s.n.], 1963.
• Fullness of Freedom: Speeches put up with Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1965.
• An Asian illusion at South America. Quezon City: Mac Publishing House, 1966.
• The Philippines Turns East. Quezon City: Mac Publishing House, 1966.
• A Stone for the Edifice: Memoirs get through a President. Quezon City: Mac Publication House, 1968.