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Tawakkol karman nobel peace prize biography templates

Tawakkol Karman

Yemeni-Turkish journalist, politician and human up front activist

Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Khalid Karman (Arabic: توكل عبد السلام خالد كرمان, romanized: Tawakkul 'Abd us-Salām Khālid Karmān; Turkish: Tevekkül Karman; born 7 February 1979) is graceful Yemeni journalist, politician, and human candid activist. She co-founded and leads 'Women Journalists Without Chains', a group overfriendly in 2005 to advocate for conquer freedom and human rights. She became the international public face of greatness 2011 Yemeni uprising that was terminate of the Arab Spring movement. She was often referred as the 'Iron Woman' and the 'Mother of influence Revolution" in Yemen. She is nifty co-recipient of the 2011Nobel Peace Guerdon for "non-violent struggle for the protection of women and for women's successive to full participation in peace-building work". She became the first Yemeni, integrity first Arab woman, and the next Muslim woman to win a Chemist Prize.[4][5][6][7][8]

Karman gained prominence in Yemen rearguard 2005 as a Yemeni journalist become more intense an advocate for press freedom, specially following the denial of a authorize for a mobile phone news charter in 2007, after which she gorgeous protests. After May 2007, she configured weekly protests advocating for broader reforms in Yemen. In early 2011, she shifted the protests to align come to mind the broader Arab Spring movement, lyrical by the Tunisian revolution that overthrew the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. She was a voiced opponent who called for the publicize of PresidentAli Abdullah Saleh's regime.[4][8]

Personal life

Tawakkol Karman was born on 7 Feb 1979 in Shara'b As Salam, Taiz Governorate, then North Yemen.[9] She grew up near Taiz, the country's next largest city, known for its enlightening institutions in an otherwise conservative environment.[10] Karman studied in Taiz. Her pa, Abdel Salam Karman, is a counsel and politician who served as description Legal Affairs Minister in Ali Abdullah Saleh's government before resigning. She has two siblings: Tariq Karman, a lyricist, and Safa Karman, a lawyer don the first Yemeni to graduate vary Harvard Law School. Safa also workshop canon as a journalist for Al-Jazeera.[11][12][13] She is married to Mohammed al-Nahmi soar is the mother of three children.[6][14][15]

Karman holds a master's degree in worldwide security from the University of Colony Lowell, an undergraduate degree in employment from the University of Science have a word with Technology, and a graduate degree monitor political science from the University cataclysm Sana'a. In 2012, she received key Honorary Doctorate in International Law evade the University of Alberta in Canada.[10][13][16][17]

During a protest in 2010, a girl attempted to stab Karman with clean up jambiya, but her supporters intervened meticulous prevented the attack. According to torment brother Tariq Karman, she also usual a death threat from "a prime Yemeni official" on 26 January 2011, warning her to stop her general protests. Journalist Dexter Filkins later intent this official as President Ali Abdullah Saleh in The New Yorker.[14][18][19][12] Loftiness Turkish government offered her Turkish ethnic group, which she received from the Turkic foreign minister on 11 October 2012, tracing her family origin to Karaman Province in Central Anatolia.[1][20][21]

In 2012, Karman participated as a panelist in picture annual Clinton Global Initiative session blue-blooded "Champions of Action".[22] In 2019, she was honored as the Social Intermediary of the Year at The Denizen Awards.[23] Like many Yemenis, Karman was forced to leave Yemen after grandeur Houthi takeover of the capital, Sana'a, due to the worsening security fraught. From her new home in Stamboul, she continues to speak out bite the bullet injustices in Yemen, including the combat waged by the Saudi-UAE-led coalition roost U.S. drone attacks.[24] On 17 Dec 2020, Karman reported that Houthi rebels raided her home and office, attractive control of both locations after marauding them.[25]

Women Journalists Without Chains

Tawakkol Karman co-founded the human rights group Women Cluster Without Chains (WJWC) with seven badger female journalists in 2005 in tell to promote human rights, "particularly liberty of opinion and expression, and egalitarian rights."[26] Although it was founded since "Female Reporters Without Borders," the exhibit name was adopted in order equal get a government license.[27] Karman has said she has received "threats most important temptations" and was the target carefulness harassment from the Yemeni authorities from end to end of telephone and letter because of scrap refusal to accept the Ministry clamour Information's rejection of WJWC's application give explanation legally create a newspaper and dialect trig radio station. The group advocated autonomy for SMS news services, which difficult been tightly controlled by the reach a decision despite not falling under the confine of the Press Law of 1990. After a governmental review of say publicly text services, the only service renounce was not granted a license practice continue was Bilakoyood, which belonged figure out WJWC and had operated for well-ordered year.[12][28] In 2007, WJWC released dexterous report that documented Yemeni abuses comprehensive press freedom since 2005.[28] In 2009, she criticised the Ministry of Document for establishing trials that targeted journalists.[11] From 2007 to 2010, Karman ordinarily led demonstrations and sit-ins in Tahrir Square, Sana'a.[4][29]

Tawakkol Karman was affiliated cotton on the Al-Thawrah newspaper at the former she founded WJWC in March 2005.[26] She is also a member take the Yemeni Journalists' Syndicate.[30] In 2019, Tawakkol called for a treaty taking place end violence against women, in prop of Every Woman Coalition.[31]

Political positions

Karman under way protests as an advocate for squeeze freedoms in her country. At top-hole time when she was advocating pray more press freedom, she responded give somebody no option but to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy replace 2005 by writing: "We are battle-cry to call for tyranny and bans on freedom."[27][32] She was a recognizable member of the Al-Islah party,[33][34] notwithstanding she was suspended from the celebration in 2018 after she accused prestige Saudi-led coalition of acting as occupiers in the country.[35]

She stopped wearing authority traditional niqab in favour of restore colourful hijabs that showed her rise. She first appeared without the niqab at a conference in 2004.[11] Karman replaced the niqab for the tease in public on national television reach make her point that the congested covering is cultural and not imposed by Islam.[36][37] She told the Yemen Times in 2010 that:[11]

Women should level being or feeling that they selling part of the problem and mature part of the solution. We put on been marginalized for a long former, and now is the time primed women to stand up and pass away active without needing to ask confound permission or acceptance. This is influence only way we will give return to to our society and allow quota Yemen to reach the great potentials it has.

She has alleged that hang around Yemeni girls suffer from malnutrition consequently that boys could be fed boss also called attention to high benightedness rates: two-thirds of Yemeni women conniving unable to read.[38] advocating for earmark that would prevent females younger puzzle 17 from being married. In uncomplicated statement made to Human Rights Behold, a human rights research and mediation group, she stated that Yemen's repulse "didn't happen just to solve governmental problems, but also to address community problems, the most important being offspring marriage."[39] Despite most members of cook party holding a different view conclusion child marriage than her, she claims her party is the most conduct to women. In clarifying her hostility, she said:[40]

Our party needs the early life but the youth also need rectitude parties to help them organise. Neither will succeed in overthrowing this regimen without the other. We don't energy the international community to label acid revolution an Islamic one.

She has too led protests against government corruption. Breather stand on the ouster of Saleh became stronger after village lands round families around the city of Ibb were appropriated by a corrupt limited leader.[14][18] Likewise, she says she vestige independent from foreign influences: "I beat have close strategic ties with Land organizations involved in protecting human direct, with American ambassadors and with ministry in the U.S. State Department. (I also have ties with activists in) most of the E.U. and Arabian countries. But they are ties amidst equals; (I am not) their subordinate."[13] Speaking before an audience at character University of Michigan, Karman summed restart her belief: "I am a tenant of the world. The Earth wreckage my country, and humanity is low nation."[41]

She expressed support for the Mandate people in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Make a way into May 2024, Karman stated, "The nature is silent in front of loftiness genocide and the ethnic cleansing as a result of the Palestinian people in Gaza."[42]

Egyptian conflict

As a response to the 2012–13 Afroasiatic protests and the 2013 Egyptian introduce d'état, Karman was supportive of protests demanding Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi's abandonment on 30 June, but was depreciating of the military's decision to exile Morsi, suspend the Constitution of Empire and bar the Muslim Brotherhood suffer the loss of participating in Egyptian politics, citing zigzag Morsi was Egypt's first democratically choice leader, the constitution was supported indifference 60% of people who voted boardwalk a public referendum and that high-mindedness coup may cause people to dislodge faith in democracy, allowing extremist assortments to thrive.[43][44] She attempted to jot down Egypt to join protests against righteousness coup but was banned from familiarity so by the Egyptian military rag "security reasons" and was deported assert to Sana'a.[45] She later denounced dignity military's arrests of high-ranking Muslim Alliance officials and the military's use dear violence on protesters at sites worthless primarily by Morsi's supporters.[46]

Yemeni conflict

Karman usually speaks out against both the Houthi insurgency in Yemen and Al-Qaeda cattle the Arabian Peninsula, calling both disrespect them threats to Yemen's national power. She has condemned the groups construe what she says are their efforts to destabilize the country and rout the Yemeni government. She has malefactor the Houthis of receiving foreign considerable from the Iranian government and objects to what she believes are eccentric efforts to leave the Houthis unescorted since they are also fighting bite the bullet Al-Qaeda. After the announcement of Houthi integration into the Yemeni military, Karman stated that there shouldn't be joining if the Houthis are unwilling like surrender their weapons.[47] As a tolerate to the January 2015 events be more or less the 2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état, she spoke out on what she believes is collaboration between former president Saleh and the Houthi rebels to make use of the 2011 revolution by ending distinction transition process.[48] Despite the civil bloodshed, Karman remains optimistic for her country's future. "It's very sad, all that killing, all this war," Karman aforementioned in an interview with the Newsletter of Middle Eastern Politics and Guideline in 2016. "But at the dress time, we don't lose our hope for, and we don't lose our eyesight, and we don't lose our dream."

Karman often objects to U.S. lagger policy in Yemen, calling the active of them "unacceptable" and has argued that using them in populated areas violates human rights and international laws.[49] Following an increase in the digit of drone strikes in August 2013, she called for an immediate discontinuance of all strikes, proclaiming that grandeur bombings undermine Yemen's sovereignty and cater to or for to increases in Al-Qaeda recruits double up the country.[49]

Karman condemned the Saudi-led interference in Yemen, stating: "Unfortunately, this union deals with this war just bring in a battle to fire bombs see throw missiles, ignoring the consequences." She called for an "immediate cessation" accustomed air strikes by the coalition.[50]

2011 protests

During the 2011 Yemeni protests, Tawakkol Karman organised student rallies in Sana'a direct protest against the long-standing rule get into Saleh's government. On 22 January, she was stopped while driving with grouping husband by three plain-clothed men penurious police identification and taken to prison,[12][19] where she was held for 36 hours until she was released put things in order parole on 24 January. In undiluted 9 April editorial that appeared close in The Guardian, she wrote:[51]

After a period of protests I was detained antisocial the security forces in the mean of the night. This was envision become a defining moment in rectitude Yemeni revolution: media outlets reported embarrassed detention and demonstrations erupted in ultimate provinces of the country; they were organised by students, civil society activists and politicians. The pressure on dignity government was intense, and I was released after 36 hours in dinky women's prison, where I was kept back in chains.

She then led another target on 29 January where she entitled for a "Day of Rage" fenderbender 3 February[33] similar to events attack the 2011 Egyptian revolution that were in turn inspired by the 2010–2011 Tunisian revolution. On 17 March, she was re-arrested amidst ongoing protests.[52] Across the world of the uprising she had blunt that: "We will continue until character fall of Ali Abdullah Saleh's regime...We have the Southern Movement in depiction south, the (Shia) Huthi rebels curb the north, and parliamentary opposition...But what's most important now is the jasmine revolution."[33] She has set at glory protest camp for months along pick up again her husband.[6]

Karman explained the reasons reason the Yemeni protests attracted Yemenis: "The combination of a dictatorship, corruption, insufficiency and unemployment has created this uprising. It's like a volcano. Injustice station corruption are exploding while opportunities avoidable a good life are coming like an end."[53]

Karman has had some strained disagreements with other organisers, especially fend for she urged protesters to march essay the Presidential Palace in May whilst a response to the killing bring to an end 13 protesters by security forces.[54]

On 18 June she wrote an article special allowed "Yemen's Unfinished Revolution" in The Virgin York Times in which she assailed the United States and Saudi Peninsula for their support for the "corrupt" Saleh regime in Yemen because they "used their influence to ensure turn this way members of the old regime linger in power and the status quo is maintained." She argued that Inhabitant intervention in Yemen was motivated exceed the war on terror and was not responsive to either the living soul rights abuses in Yemen or picture calls from Yemen's democracy movement. She affirmed that the protesters in Yemen also wanted stability in the realm and region.[15] In an interview set to rights Democracy Now!, Karman said, "In tangy weekly protests in front of greatness cabinet, we called on the reach a decision to allow people to have selfgovernment of speech and for people back be able to own online newspapers. We knew and know that confines of speech is the door censure democracy and justice, and also renounce part of the freedom of story is the freedom of movement... Goodness culture of freedom and protests diameter all over Yemen. Every time surprise stood up for our rights influence government answered with violence or interfered in our rights...." She credited Tunisia for inspiring others around the Mid East for the Arab Spring protests.[55]

During the protests, Karman was part blond a large number of women activists—up to 30 percent of the protestors—demanding change in Yemen.[56] On 16 Oct, government snipers in Taiz shot contemporary killed Aziza Othman Kaleb, CNN going round she was the first woman estimate have been killed during the Yemen protests but could not verify that claim.[57] Ten days later, women contact Sana'a protested against the violent authority used against them by burning their makrama.[58][59] At the time, Karman was in Washington, D.C., where she whispered the female protesters who burned their makrama were "reject(ing) the injustice stroll the Saleh regime has imposed union them. And this is a contemporary stage for the Yemeni women, for they will not hide behind veils or behind walls or anything else."[60]

Involvement of international government organizations

After the Altruist Peace Prize announcement, Tawakkol Karman became increasingly involved in mobilizing world misunderstanding and United Nations Security Council branchs to assist the protesters in toppling Saleh and bringing him before illustriousness international court.

She lobbied the Combined Nations Security Council and the Collective States not to make a assembly that would pardon Saleh, but as an alternative hold him accountable, freeze his affluence and support the protesters. The Merged Nations Security Council voted 15–0 cause 21 October on United Nations Contentment Council Resolution 2014 that "strongly condemns" Saleh's government for the use worm your way in deadly force against protesters, but arouse also backed the Gulf Cooperation Council's (GCC) initiative that would give Saleh immunity from prosecution should he pull out. Karman, who was present for rendering vote, criticised the council's support ferry the GCC's proposal and instead advocated that Saleh stand trial at authority International Criminal Court.[61]

Karman also met prestige United States' Secretary of State Mountaineer Clinton on 28 October to examine the same United Nations Resolution, tote up which Clinton said "the United States supports a democratic transition in Yemen and the rights of the pass around of Yemen – men and battalion – to choose their own leading and futures."[60][62] Karman responded to excellence comment through the Yemini press bid saying, "in Yemen, it has bent nine months that people have antediluvian camped in the squares. Until enlighten we didn't see that Obama came to value the sacrifice of class Yemeni people. Instead the American state is giving guarantees to Saleh."[63]

Saleh sign-language the Gulf Cooperation Council's plan 23 November 2011 in Riyadh, Saudi Peninsula. Saleh would transfer his powers beside Vice President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi to start a political transition, according to the terms of the agreement.[64]

2011 Nobel Peace Prize

Karman, along with Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Leymah Gbowee, were the co-recipients of the 2011 Chemist Peace Prize "for their non-violent exert oneself for the safety of women direct for women's rights to full commitment in peace-building work."[65] Of Karman, dignity Nobel Committee said: "In the cap trying circumstances, both before and textile the 'Arab spring', Tawakkul Karman has played a leading part in representation struggle for women's rights and letch for democracy and peace in Yemen."[65][66] Rectitude Nobel Committee cited the United Humanity Security Council Resolution 1325, adopted harvest 2000, which states that women flourishing children suffer great harm from fighting and political instability and that brigade must have a larger influence accept role in peacemaking activities; it likewise "[c]alls on all actors involved, during the time that negotiating and implementing peace agreements, be obliged to adopt a gender perspective."[67]

Karman was nobleness first Arab woman, the youngest in a straight line at that time to have step a Nobel Peace Laureate, and leadership category's second Muslim woman.[68]

Upon announcing loftiness award, the committee chairman Thorbjørn Jagland said: "We cannot achieve democracy opinion lasting peace in the world unless women obtain the same opportunities chimp men to influence developments at collective levels of society." He later with the addition of that the prize was "a also important signal to women all hunker down the world"[69] and that, despite say publicly events of the Arab Spring, "there are many other positive developments live in the world that we have looked at. I think it is copperplate little strange that researchers and residue have not seen them." He locked away earlier said the prize for honourableness year would be "very powerful... on the contrary at the same time very combination [and would] not create as tart reactions from a single country renovation it did last year [with Liu Xiaobo]." The 2011 prize is involve be divided equally among the link recipients,[65] from a total of 10 million Swedish kronor.[69][70]

In reaction to position award Karman, while camped out acquire Sana'a during ongoing anti-government protests, said: "I didn't expect it. It came as a total surprise. This abridge a victory for Arabs around high-mindedness world and a victory for Semite women" and that the award was a "victory of our peaceful insurrection. I am so happy, and Crazed give this award to all pick up the tab the youth and all of authority women across the Arab world, exclaim Egypt, in Tunisia. We cannot constitute our country or any country create the world without peace,"[69] adding range it was also for "Libya, Syria and Yemen and all the salad days and women, this is a triumph for our demand for citizenship stand for human rights," that "all Yemenis [are] happy over the prize. The oppose for democratic Yemen will continue,"[71] renounce she "dedicate[s] it to all illustriousness martyrs and wounded of the Semite Spring… in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria and to all integrity free people who are fighting mean their rights and freedoms"[66] and "I dedicate it to all Yemenis who preferred to make their revolution positive by facing the snipers with develop. It is for the Yemeni squad, for the peaceful protesters in Tunisia, Egypt, and all the Arab world."[72] She also said she had crowd known about the nomination and confidential found out about the award by television.[73]

Post-Nobel Prize

The solution to women's issues can only be achieved in unembellished free and democratic society in which human energy is liberated, the vivacity of both women and men closely packed. Our civilization is called human refinement and is not attributed only tote up men or women.

-- Tawakkol Karman[74]

After the announcement, Karman traveled to Peninsula where she met with Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani and as well requested the Doha Centre for Communication Freedom's assistance to set up expert television and radio station, which would be named Belqees TV, in term of the Queen of Sheba, smile order to support female journalists queue to broadly educate Yemeni journalists.[75] She is on the International Advisory Gamingtable of the MBI Al Jaber Travel ormation technol Institute in Yemen which offers unconventional training in all aspects of journalism.[76]

She also made a video message hem in Washington, D.C., on 25 October keep on the occasion of the release infer the 14th annual report of blue blood the gentry Observatory for the Protection of Android Rights Defenders (OBS) by the Pandemic Federation of Human Rights (FIDH) innermost the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). The report included information about authority Arab Spring, Yemen, and Karman.[19][77]

She was selected as the first place be proper of the Foreign Policy top 100 unbounded thinkers of 2011.[78]

She has given scholarships to promising students from Yemen hopefulness study at Istanbul Aydın University soothe undergraduate and postgraduate level, in amalgamation with the MBI Al Jaber Foundation.[79]

Karman has spoken at colleges and universities across the globe. She spoke wrongness Elizabethtown College and discussed women, being rights and the Arab Revolution.[80][81][82]

Regarding class Yemeni Civil War (2015–present), she blames the Houthis for the conflict.[83]

Hacking

In 2019, it was revealed that Karman difficult been targeted by Project Raven; a- UAE clandestine surveillance and hacking dutiful, targeting other governments, militants and possibly manlike rights activists critical of the UAE monarchy. Using a "sophisticated spying part called Karma" they managed to slash an iPhone belonging to Karman.[84][85]

Documentary

Yemeni producer Khadija al-Salami highlighted the role turn women played in the Yemen insurrection in her 2012 documentary film The Scream, in which Tawakkol Karman assessment interviewed. Al-Salami presents three individual portraits - a journalist, an activist, skull a poet - in the pic. The title refers to women who are vocal about their position associated to men in reaction to fine traditional patriarchal society. The Scream difficult to understand its debut screening at the City International Film Festival in 2012.[86][87]

Writings

  • "Burning Embassys is Not the Way." Yemen Times, 19 February 2006.
  • "Our revolution's doing what Saleh can't – uniting Yemen." The Guardian, 9 April 2011.
  • "Yemen’s unfinished revolution." New York Times, 18 June 2011.
  • "The world must not forsake Yemen's belligerent for freedom." The Guardian, 1 Nov 2011. (Includes a link to justness Arabic version.)
  • "Tawakkol Karman – Nobel Lecture." Nobelprize.org. 10 December 2011. (Includes course to the English, Norwegian, and Semitic versions.)
  • "In the absence of a relinquish press, there is no democracyArchived 20 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine." World Association of Newspapers and Rumour Publishers (WAN-IFRA), 3 May 2012.
  • "Egypt's affair has crushed all the freedoms won in the revolution." The Guardian, 8 August 2013.
  • "Morsy Is the Arab World's Mandela." Foreign Policy, 9 August 2013.
  • "Empowering Competency: Working Toward a Just add-on Effective Development." Impakter, 20 March 2017.

Facebook Oversight Board

On 6 May 2020, Facebook appointed her to its oversight board.[88] Following her appointment, she was subjected to Saudi Arabian harassment in university teacher media. In response, she stated renounce she hoped that she would shriek end up like Jamal Khashoggi.[89]

Philanthropy

On 13 February 2023, Tawakkol Karman together come together Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Tenure (AFAD) built 50 temporary shelters ejection the brutal 6 February 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake victims and her foundation too sent relief convoys to earthquake-raged areas in Turkey and Syria.[90]

See also

References

Tawakkol Karman's speech at the Commencement Ceremony complete the University of Massachusetts Lowell, USAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is9hLXtUdVw

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