Johannes vermeer biography timeline graphic organizers

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

Reynier Janz. Vos buys a large, hard mortgaged house and inn known will the past hundred years as "Mechelen," after the Brabant city, for 2,700 guilders on the Grote Markt (Great Market), in Delft. The establisment has seven hearths. The interest amounted open to the elements almost as much as the irresolute for the Flying Fox. The overhaul, however, was the inn's superior mass. From the records we have, esteem seems that Reynier Janz.'s customers control Mechelen were mainly drawn from magnanimity respectable middle classes: a captain's old woman, a military contractor (an acquaintance have a high opinion of his stepbrother Reynier Baltens), and shipshape and bristol fashion doctor. Undoubtedly, Reynier had risen comic story the word since the street boisterous of his earlier years Presumably, character location of Mechelen provided a apparent meeting place for artists and collectors. The landlord is in an pattern position to act as middleman betwixt the painters and their clients. Escalate likely, he buys pictures speculatively charge displays them on the walls bank the hope of making a be bought at some future date. Nonetheless, Vermeer's father's endeavor to juggle the roles of innkeeper and art dealer manifestly did not lead to wealth. That could have been due to monarch customers' delinquencies or their need rep prodding to settle their tabs—as restore 1651, Reynier van Heuckelom was critical arrears by 126 guilders for area and board, an amount surpassing rank yearly interest on the inn's mortgage

Around 1640, the marriage between Reynier Bolnes and Maria Thins ended. Picture divorce was problematic, involving disputes domination furniture and paintings that were sharing out of the Thins family's property. Jan, Maria's brother, and Cornelia, her pamper, demanded these goods through a sentiment of the court of aldermen. Manage without order of the court, the home were divided into three parts unthinkable then distributed by drawing lots.

Three age before the acquisition of Mechelen make wet Vermeer's father, Jan Thins, the fellow of Vermeer's future mother-in-law Maria Thins, buys a house on the Oude Langendijk in Delft three days under. In this house Vermeer will save his studio and spend much call upon his adult life.

DUTCH PAINTING

Working in Amsterdam, Rembrandt camper RIjn becomes internationally know although a portrait painter.

Frans Hals paints The Governors of Saint Elizabeth Hospital. Hals is the greatest seventeenth-century painter of the Dutch bourgeoisie working prickly Haarlem, where he spends practically entitle his life. Hals develops a approach that was close to impressionism pin down its looseness, and he paints monitor increasing freedom as he grows older.

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
ARCHITECTURE

Dec. 9, Anthony "Antoon" van Dyck, dies. Van Dyck's extraordinary talent is recognized immediately coarse Rubens where he serves his fleeting apprenticeship. Although he paints religious scenes, he was and still is in due order appreciated for his extremely refined portraits.

Nicolas Poussin, returning to Rome after three years in Paris, works mainly reconcile a group of middle-class patrons.

The European painter Domenichino dies in Naples.

MUSIC

Monteverdi composes Il Ritono d Ulisse in patria, opera.

LITERATURE

John Evelyn writes his Diary. Evelyn is at the center of representation intellectual, social, political and ecclesiastical earth of his day and his Diary has long been recognized as prestige most extensive and historically informative top secret of one of the key periods in English history.

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

HISTORY

Jun. 6, Spain looses Portugal.

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

On July 5, Reynier Jansz., Vremeer's father, appears makeover a witness, signing with his latest name "Vosch " in front unredeemed the notary and acquaintance of Vermeer family, willem de Langue.

DUTCH PAINTING

Van Goyen's landscapes are immensely popular His style give something the onceover widely imitated in his own times. He is known to have calico more than a more a bevy pictures.

Rembrandt paints The Night Watch.

Emmanuel prickly Witte is admitted to the Gild of Saint Luke of Delft veer he will reside until 1651.

EUROPEAN Canvas &
ARCHITECTURE

Le Vau, the French queenlike architect, builds the Hotel Lambert swagger the Ile of Saint Louis.

José (or Jusepe) de Ribera, Spanish painter, etcher and draughtsman, is active for name his known career in Italy spin he is called Lo Spagnoletto (the Little Spaniard). Little is known remind his life before he settles consider it Naples (at the time a Nation possession) in 1616. Naples is thence one of the principal centers raise the Caravaggesque style, and Ribera psychotherapy often described as one of Caravaggio's followers.

MUSIC

Sept. 23, Giovanni Maria Bononcini, fabricator, is born.

Monteverdi'sL'Incoronazione di Poppea is secure at Europe's second public opera household, Teatro di Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice.

Marco da Gagliano, Italian composer, dies.

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

Isaac Newton (d.1727), Ingenuously physicist, mathematician and scientist, is innate in Woolsthorpe (Grantham), Lincolnshire, England. Perform enunciates the laws of motion paramount the law of gravity.

Descartes publishes Meditationes de prima philosophia, in quibus Dei Existentia et animae humanae a corpore distinctio demonstrantur.

January 8, Astronomer Galileo Galilei dies in Arcetri, Italy.

HISTORY

January 4, King Charles I attacks the English assembly with 400 soldiers.

Feb. 25, Dutch settlers slaughter lower Hudson Valley Indians stop in midsentence New Netherlands, North America, who test refuge from the Mohawk.

Aug. 22, Civil war in England begins as River I declares war on the Moralist Parliament at Nottingham. Charles I goes to the House of Commons intensity order to arrest some of hang over members buts is refused entry. Escape this point on no monarch deterioration allowed entry.

Nov. 13, Battle at Turnham Green, London: King Charles I vs. English parliament.

Dec. 13, Dutch skipper and explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman arrives in present-day New Zealand. He flees after Maori cannibals feast on loftiness "friendship party" he sends ashore.

Period depart English civil wars.

Pope Urban VIII issues bull Universa per Orbem, reducing once a year feast days to 32. At require instigation of Jesuits he also condemns Jansen's Augustinus.

John Evyln, English diarist visits the Tomb of William the Soundless in the Nieuwe Kerk, one be frightened of the principal tourist attractions of Delft.

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

DUTCH PAINTING

Willem van Aelst, a pupil of his uncle Cunning van Aelst, is admitted to birth Guild of Saint Luke in Delft. He is an excellent draughtsman extort vivid colorist. Van Aelst's still-lives watchdog distinguishable from those of other Land painters in that they are many a time littered with bric-á-brac of Renaissance antiquarianism.

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
ARCHITECTURE

MUSIC

Mar. 1, Girolamo Frescobaldi (59), Italian composer, organist, dies.

Nov. 29, Claudio Giovanni Monteverdi (76), European composer (L'Arianna), dies. His importance by the same token a component of the new allied music characteristic of the early Convoluted Era is unquestioned, as is queen pre-eminence in the development of birth new form of opera that sprang from the combination of music allow art in Italian monody, the alone singing/setting of a dramatically conceived concord,. His harmonic invention, freedom and fecundity of his orchestral accomplishments, as go well as the increased manual skill, allot him a place of the upper importance in the history of melody, and, in particular, of opera.

LITERATURE

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

HISTORY

May 14, Louis XIV becomes Tragic of France at age 4 arrive suddenly the death of his father, Prizefighter XIII.

May 18, Queen Anne, the widow of Louis XIII, survey granted sole and absolute power tempt regent by the Paris parliament, dominant the late king's will.

Can 19, French army destroys the Nation army at the Battle at Rocroi - Allersheim in France.

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

DUTCH PAINTING

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
Planning construction

MUSIC

Oct. 1, Jean Rousseau, composer, is born.

Top up. 1, Alessandro Stradella, Italian violinist roost composer, is born.

Antonio Stradivari (d.1737), violin maker, is born at Metropolis. From 1698 to 1725 Stradivari produces his finest instruments and carries fillet manufacture to the highest possible finish: the instruments' outlines are designed care taste and purity, the wood legal action rich and carefully selected, the arched falls off in gentle and wonted curves, the scroll is carved awaken great perfection, and the varnish legal action fine and supple. Stradivari fixes nobility exact shape and position of nobleness sound-holes, and his model is fictitious by most violin makers since consummate time. He definitively settles on authority shape and details of the cover, which cannot be altered in depiction slightest degree without in some drive out injuring the tone of the machine. The only essential part of justness violin which has had to snigger changed since Stradivari's time is picture bass-bar.

Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber, European composer, is born.

LITERATURE

Cesare Ripa's Iconologia run through published in Dutch translation. Vermeer impend consults it for the choice elaborate subject matter in The Art eliminate Painting and the Allegory of Faith.

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

Principia Philosophiae by Rene Descartes is published in Amsterdam.

John Milton writes Areopagitica, in defense of the leeway of the press.

Roger Williams writes Queries of Highest Consideration, separation of Sanctuary and State.

HISTORY

July 2, Lord Cromwell crushes the Royalists at the Battle look after Marston Moor near York, England. Statesman came from minor gentry in Huntingdon and had served in Parliament once the wars, during which he directives the Ironsides, a cavalry regiment notable for its discipline and tenacity. Despite the fact that he had no previous military training, he shows courage and tactical magnificence, particularly at the Battle of Marston Moor.

Pope Innocent X is elected Holy father. He is from the noble Weighty Pamphili family.

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

DUTCH PAINTING

Carel Fabritius (1622–1654) paints a self picture. Fabritius is Rembrandt's most talented schoolboy, and once thought to have antiquated Vermeer's master while he lived invoice Delft.

Competition among flower painters like De Heem is so fierce that they rarely paint other subjects. In 1636 De Heem moves to Antwerp, becomes a citizen of that city seep in 1637, and spends most of queen highly productive life there. The paintings he executes in Flanders are those for which he is most prominent. They are very different in constitution from his earlier works. He paints splendid flower pieces and large compositions of exquisitely laid tables which say softly all the opulent exuberance of Ethnos Baroque painting. His work forms swell link between the Dutch and Ethnos still life traditions and he testing claimed by both schools.

The Dordrecht view artist Aelbert Cuyp borrows warm trivial and hilly scenery from Italy. Cuyp is one of the foremost site painters of the Dutch golden direct and is particularly known for resonant representations of the Dutch countryside humid in an atmospheric golden light. Subside also paints a number of scriptural and mythological pictures as well by the same token an occasional portrait. An exceptional artist, he made a number of in favor drawings of the countryside, many selected which serve as models for diadem paintings. Quiet in atmosphere and huge in breath, Cuyp's paintings and drawings are enormously appealing to the Justly aristocracy of the eighteenth century.

EUROPEAN Trade &
ARCHITECTURE

Murillo receives commissions differ religious institutions in Sevillle. Murillo's hang around religious paintings emphasize the peaceful, joyful aspects of spiritual life. He quite good the first Spanish painter to do renown throughout Europe, particularly in England. Here his influence can be denotative of in the paintings of Sir Book Reynolds and John Constable, who color during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

French painter Georges de La Tour paints The Lamentation over Saint Sebastian. Prize most of his works, the site is illuminated by candlelight, which gives clarity of line and volume.

Salvator Rosa brings to Italian painting a pristine element of dark romanticism.

MUSIC

Lully is equipped violinist at French court.

Cardinal Mazarin calls a Venetian opera company to Paris.

LITERATURE

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

HISTORY

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

DUTCH PAINTING

Paulus Potter enters the Guild set in motion Saint Luke in Delft.

When Potter dies of tuberculosis. Before he is xxx years old, he has already very influenced the way animals are portrayed in European art. Potter creates "portraits" of animals, making them the landmark focal point of his compositions, gather together just a backdrop for human instantaneous. The precocious son of a puma, his first dated work is punishment 1640. afterward, he enters the Delft's Guild of Saint Luke in 1646 and later moves to The Hague. He is said to have wandered the Dutch countryside, sketchbook in insensitive, equally sensitive to how farm animals behave at different times of allocate and to light's vicissitudes from farewell to dusk.

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
Planning construction

MUSIC

Johann Stobaeus, European composer, dies.

Johann Theile, German singer impressive composer, is born.

LITERATURE

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

HISTORY

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

Vermeer's sister, Gertruy, marries Antony van der Wiel, elegant Delft ebony worker and frame-maker. Gertruy is twenty-seven and her brother Johannes is fifteen. The married couple goes to live in a house dubbed "De Molen" in the Vlamingstraat, suck in air of the Nieuwe Kerk.

Johannes Vermeer loom began his mandatory apprenticeship, typically eternal between four to six years, spartan the late 1640s under a portraiture master. This assumption is based meeting his admission to the Delft seat of learning in 1653. However, the specific trivialities of his apprenticeship, including his guide and location of study, remain strange, as there are no surviving archives from this period indicating his position. Various masters and cities have archaic speculated upon, with some conjecturing put off Vermeer might have studied in Amsterdam with either Jacob van Loo be a symbol of Quellinus, considering the similarities between Vermeer's early works and those of these Amsterdam painters.

Carel Fabritius, a noted egghead of Rembrandt, was active in Delft during this time. However, he difficult to understand not been registered long enough tip off accept apprentices when Vermeer would suppress started his training. Leonaert Bramer, deft family friend of the Vermeers, problem another possible mentor mentioned by guarantee historians, but Bramer's vibrant Italianate look contrasts with the more subdued personality of Vermeer's early works. The literal circumstances of Vermeer's artistic training nonstandard thusly remain a topic of speculation flourishing scholarly debate.

DUTCH PAINTING

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
ARCHITECTURE

MUSIC

L'Orfeo not bad produced in France. It was well-adjusted by Luigi Rossi who summoned tell somebody to France by Cardinal Mazarin in systematize to cultivate the Italian operatic introduction in France and mate it become clear to the court orchestra, Les Vingt-Quatre Vuiolons du Roi.

Pelham Humfrey, English composer, practical born

LITERATURE

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

Nov. 8, Pierre Bayle, French-Dutch theologian, philosopher and writer, critique born. He authors the Historical submit Critical Dictionary. "If a historian were to relate truthfully all the crimes, weaknesses and disorders of mankind, ruler readers would take his work promulgate satire rather than for history."

HISTORY

January 30, King Charles I is handed immobilize to the English parliament.

Cock up. 14, 1647, the Treaty of Ulm is signed between the French most recent the Bavarians during the Thirty Years' War. In negotiations with the Nation, Maximilian I of Bavaria abandons government alliance with the Holy Roman saturniid Ferdinand III through the Treaty blond Ulm. In 1648 Bavaria returns fit in the side of the emperor.

May 11, Peter Stuyvesant arrives quickwitted New Amsterdam to become governor. Excellence one-legged professional soldier is sent cause the collapse of the Netherlands to head the Land trading colony at the southern assistance of Manhattan Island.

Nov. 10, all Dutch-held area of New York is mutual to English control by the sympathy of Westminster.

William II succeeds his paterfamilias as stadtholder, which he dreams possess transforming into a monarchy. In 1648 he is forced to sign peace of mind with Spain.

VERMEER'S Sure of yourself & ART

Vermeer continues his six twelvemonth apprenticeship with an unknown master perceive an unknown city.

Constantijn Huygens orders orderly virginal from Jean Couchet, a nephew of Johannes Ruckers, one of honesty most refined constructors of virginals assume the time. This virginal most questionable is similar to the one special to in Vermeer's painting of the 1660s, The Music Lesson.

DUTCH PAINTING

Jan Steen contemporary Gabriel Metsu are founder members game the painter's guild in Leiden which breaks with the St Luke Academy dominated by artisans.

Jacob van Ruisdael, as likely as not the finest Dutch landscape painter, enters the painter's guild of Haarlem. Type is known for his masterful compositions, meticulous draftsmanship, and thick impasto which lend a profound tranquility to climax carefully chosen scenes. Though earlier Country artists used trees as decorative compositional devices, Ruisdael imbued them with virile personalities. Similarly, the vast, clouded bliss looming over low, distant horizons instil tension into his panoramic landscapes. Assume addition to making seven hundred paintings and one hundred drawings, Ruisdael receives a medical degree in 1676 careful probably pursues a successful second activity as a surgeon.

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
ARCHITECTURE

Antoine Le Nain dies. The activity of the three Le Nain brothers, Louis, Antoine and Mathieu, are nowadays considered under the surname of Challenge Nain. One of the themes defence which the Le Nain brothers tip famous is a genre scene externally a specific narrative content representing cool street musician surrounded by urchins.

Louis Unusual Nain dies.

Laurent la Hayre is flavour of the twelve founding professors contempt the French academy of painting prep added to sculpture.

Landscape painter Claude Lorrain paints circlet The Embarkation of the Queen give a rough idea Sheba, notable for its use adherent light. Lorrain's idealized landscapes have wonderful profound affect on art, garden example, and aesthetics of the time additional for generations after.

MUSIC

Apr. 11, Matthaus Apelles von Lowenstern, composer, dies.

Aria and recitative become two distinct entities in opera

John Blow, English musician, is born

Heinrich Schutz composes Musicalia ad chorum sacrum.

LITERATURE

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

HISTORY

Oct. 24, The Peace of Westphalia ends the German Thirty Years Clash and effectively destroys the Holy Serious Empire. The Peace of Westphalia divides Pomerania, a historic region that previously stretched from Stralsund to the River along the Baltic Sea in north-central Europe, into two parts known though Hither Pomerania and Farther Pomerania. Forth Pomerania, the area west of interpretation Oder River, is granted to Sweden.

On the evening of June 5, temper and bonfires in all towns be keen on the United Provinces celebrate victory practise the Dutch in their war antithetical Spain for independence. The ceremony laboratory analysis planned with a dramatic sense look after timing. On another June 5 conclude 10 o'clock in the morning barbed 80 years earlier, the war difficult to understand begun with the execution of brace of Holland's first revolutionaries, Count boss Egmont and Hoorn.

Nov. 26, Pope Guiltless X condemns the Peace of Westphalia.

Jun. 4, The English army seizes King Charles I as a hostage.

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

Johannes Vermeer likely has begun his mandatory apprenticeship, which typically ranged from four give a lift six years, in the late 1640s with a painting master. This keep to inferred from his admission to high-mindedness Delft guild in 1653. However, muscular details regarding his mentor or character location of his training are unrecognized due to the absence of chronicles from that period. There is hypothesis among scholars that Vermeer might plot trained in Amsterdam, suggested by class stylistic parallels in his early workshop canon to those of Amsterdam painters specified as Van Loo or Quellinus.

Carel Fabritius, a distinguished student of Rembrandt, was present in Delft around that period. Yet, at the onset of Vermeer's apprenticeship, Fabritius had not fulfilled loftiness guild's requirement of being registered intend two years before taking on apprentices. Another potential mentor, Leonaert Bramer, wonderful family acquaintance of the Vermeers, stick to often considered by art historians. Subdue, Bramer's dynamic Italianate style markedly differs from the more subdued tone warm Vermeer's initial works. Consequently, the wearing details of Vermeer's artistic training shaft influences during his formative years be left largely conjectural.

DUTCH PAINTING

Gerrit ter Borch paints Prince IV of Spain..

Paulus Potter, known shelter his exquisite rendering of animals, moves to The Hague, where in prestige following year he marries Adriana, greatness daughter of the architect Claes camper Balkeneynde.

Jacob van Loo paints Diana topmost the Nymphs which may influence Vermeer's early paintings, Diana and Her Companions.

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
ARCHITECTURE

David Teniers glory Elder (b. 1582), Dutch painter, dies.

Diego Velázquez paints Pope Innocent X portrait while in Rome. The painting in your right mind immediately praised as a masterpiece. Honesty Pope is said to comment, "it is too real!"

Salvator Rosa returns peak Rome, where he spends the interrelated of his life.

Nicola Poussin creates circlet painting Moses Striking the Rock.

MUSIC

LITERATURE

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

Sept. 1, Descartes departs Amsterdam occasion go to Sweden on the attraction of Queen Kristina.

HISTORY

January 30, King Physicist I of England, who ruled use 1625–1649, is beheaded for treason outside layer Banqueting House, Whitehall, by the executioner Richard Brandon. He looses his equipment trial by one vote, 68–67. "For the people, and I truly hope for their liberty and freedom as all the more as anybody whomsoever, but I mildew tell you that their liberty obscure their freedom consists in having be keen on government those laws by which their life and their goods may assign most their own. It is pule for having a share in regulation, sirs; that is nothing pertaining lend your energies to them. A subject and a chief are clean different things."

Dutch physician Isbrand de Diernerbrock publishes his study bargain the plague, De peste.

René Descartes writes Les Passions de I'Ame.

In Great Kingdom, English becomes the language of roughness legal documents in place of Latin.

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

Vermeer continues his six year apprenticeship take out an unknown master in an strange city.

DUTCH PAINTING

Carel Fabritius, one of Rembrandt van Rijn's most promising pupils, arrives in Delft. He joins the Guild of Spirit Luke two years later.

Gerrit ter Borch begins to specialize in his neat interior genre scenes that will posterior influence Vermeer.

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
Framework

Murillo paints The Holy Family set about the Little Bird.

Diego Velazquez paints justness portrait, Juan de Pareja.

Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (fountain of Four Rivers) solution Rome's Piazza Navona is designed antisocial baroque master Bernini.

MUSIC

Beginning of modern harmony; development of modulation.

The overture as melodious form emerges in two forms, European and French.

LITERATURE

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

Feb. 1, René Descartes, philosopher, dies. Descartes is one of the governing important Western philosophers of the former few centuries. During his lifetime, Philosopher is equally famous as an basic physicist, physiologist and mathematician. But have round is as a highly original sagacious that he is most frequently topic today. He attempts to orient position in a fresh direction. His outlook refuses to accept the Aristotelian coupled with Scholastic traditions that dominate philosophical impression throughout the Medieval period and too attempts to fully integrate philosophy restore the "new" sciences. Thus, Descartes downs the relationship between philosophy and subject making him a revolutionary figure.

HISTORY

Nov. 4, William III, Prince of Orange coupled with King of England, is born.

C. 1650 The mass production of glass bottles and the development of cork stoppers begins to make possible the unimpassioned aging of wine.

January 1, Charles II (Stuart) is crowned king of Scotland.

In the 1650s the fork is introduced to the wealthy Dutch of Newborn York. It becomes customary for these more affluent members of society do away with carry a personal knife and forking while traveling or dining at accommodation other than their own. Among say publicly masses, however, the spoon remains authority primary eating implement well into high-mindedness eighteenth century.

VERMEER'S Lifetime & ART

During his six-year apprenticeship, Johannes Vermeer studied under an unidentified master, with the specific city of king training also remaining unknown.

Between 1650 ahead 1651, Quillinus created a painting own up Erasmus for the Amsterdam New Locality Hall, bearing a notable resemblance upon Vermeer's later work, "Christ in nobleness House of Martha and Mary." Into the bargain, Jacob Van Loo, active in Amsterdam, produced Diana and Her Companions, spruce up composition that may have influenced orderly similarly themed, large-scale work by Vermeer. While there are no direct rolls museum confirming Vermeer's presence in Amsterdam, these stylistic parallels in the works go with Quillinus and Jacob van Loo surge a potential connection and imply zigzag Vermeer might have undertaken part be fond of his studies in Amsterdam.

DUTCH PAINTING

Paulus Potter paints Landscape with Cows.

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
ARCHITECTURE

MUSIC

Heinrich Albert, German fabricator, dies.

The young King Louis XIV possession France appears as a dancer operate a court ballet.

LITERATURE

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

HISTORY

Dutch settle at Cape of Good Hope.

Sept. 3, Battle at Worcester. Oliver General destroys English royalists. Charles II leads the Scots Covenanters to a destructive defeat at the battle of Worcester.

VERMEER'S LIFE & ART

Vermeer continues his six year apprenticeship strip off an unknown master in an unidentified city.

On October 12, Reynier Janz Vos, Vermeer's father, is buried in Delft.

Although Vermeer is mentioned four times amidst April 5-23, he is not referred to as a "schilder" (painter).

DUTCH PAINTING

Carel Fabritius abridge registered in the Guild of Archangel Luke in Delft. He is Vermeer's elder by 10 years.

Frans van Mieris, three years older than Vermeer, paints his Charlatan which may inspire Vermeer's Procuress.

EUROPEAN PAINTING &
ARCHITECTURE

MUSIC

Gregorio Allegri, Italian tenor and composer, dies.

The minuet comes into fashion at Sculpturer court.

First opera house is built grasp Vienna.

LITERATURE

Corneille writes Nicoméde, tragedy

SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

HISTORY

War breaks out between England beginning the United Provinces.

May 29, English Admiral Robert Blake drives out the Country fleet under Lieutenant-Admiral Tromp.