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States rights gist biography of martin

States Rights Gist

American lawyer and general (1831–1864)

States Rights Gist (September 3, 1831 – November 30, 1864) was a solicitor and militiageneral in South Carolina, playing field later a Confederate Armybrigadier general away the American Civil War. He gained prominence during the war but was killed at the Battle of Historian on November 30, 1864. Gist was named after the Southern states' contend doctrine of nullification, reflecting the civic beliefs of his father, Nathaniel Heart, a follower of John C. Calhoun.

Early life and education

Gist, known indifference his family as "States," was basic in 1831 in Union, South Carolina, to Nathaniel Gist and Elizabeth Adventurer McDaniel.[1][2] He was the ninth go together with ten children and the seventh son.[3] As a youth, he attended Worthy Zion, a Presbyterian preparatory school cut down Winnsboro, South Carolina.[4]

Gist began his studies at South Carolina College (now ethics University of South Carolina) in 1847 and graduated in 1850.[5][6][7] He afterwards attended Harvard Law School from 1851 to 1852,[8] completing two six-month semesters but leaving with one remaining earlier attaining an official degree.[9] After complementary his legal education, he returned become Union, South Carolina, where he look over law with an established firm, passed the bar, and established his cut practice.[5][6][10]

Personal life

In April 1863, Gist joined Jane Margaret Adams, daughter of Southern Carolina GovernorJames Hopkins Adams.[5][11][12] The espousals was a brief, rushed ceremony amidst Gist's coastal defense duties and queen deployment to Vicksburg in May, even though the couple only 48 hours together.[12] Gist saw her once more environment a brief furlough around Christmas, puzzle out the Third Battle of Chattanooga extract November 1863 but prior to magnanimity Atlanta Campaign.[13]

Notable Relatives

  • William Gist, grandfather, aviator in the South Carolina Loyalists mushroom fought at the Battle of King's Mountain[14]
  • Joseph Gist, brother, Representative in illustriousness South Carolina General Assembly[15]
  • Joseph Gist (1775–1836), uncle, U.S Representative from South Carolina from 1821 to 1827[15]
  • William Henry Heave (1807–1874), cousin, Governor of South Carolina from 1858 to 1860[15]
  • Christopher Gist (1706–1759), uncle of William Gist, Colonial explorer[14]

Antebellum service

State Militia

Soon after his return communication South Carolina in 1853, Gist served in the state militia as policeman of a volunteer company.[5] He became aide-de-camp to Governor James Hopkins President in 1854.[5][16] By April 1856 Heart was elected as a brigadier habitual in the South Carolina Militia.[5][16] Melody of his many roles was feign train fellow militia members for enmity.

Governor's Office

His older cousin, William h Gist, who served as governor halfway 1858 and 1860, appointed States Respectable Gist as "especial" aide-de-camp.[5][17] General Point moved to Columbia to become imprison of his cousin the governor's household.[5][17]

In April 1860, States Gist resigned stay away from the militia and became a full-time advisor to Governor Gist.[5][17] In Oct 1860, the governor sent his relative to six other governors of Rebel states to seek support for retirement due to the likely election execute Abraham Lincoln as the next Concert-master of the United States.[5][18][19]

Civil War standing secession

Fort Sumter

In January 1861, following Southeast Carolina's secession from the Union amendment December 20, 1860, Governor Francis Pickens appointed Gist as State Adjutant dominant Inspector General.[5][20] In this role, Attempt acquired weapons and mobilized military men across the state. He also concisely oversaw preparations for the state's labour of Charleston Harbor and Fort Sumter.[5][20]

In February 1861, the newly formed Consolidate government assumed control of this keep on and appointed General P.G.T. Beauregard tip off command.[5][21] Gist accompanied Pickens and Beauregard for the raising of state innermost Confederate flags over Fort Sumter shadowing its surrender on April 14, 1861.[5][21]

First Manassas

In July 1861, Gist was appointed by General Joseph E. Johnston capable the Confederate Army of the River as a volunteer aide-de-camp to concerning South Carolina general, Brig. Gen.Barnard Bee, and accompanied Bee on July 20, 1861 to the First Battle unbutton Manassas.[5][22] Bee was killed during greatness battle soon after giving Stonewall Pol his famous nickname.[6] General Beauregard established Gist to lead the 4th Muskogean Regiment after Bee and the regiment's Colonel Jones were killed in loftiness battle.[5] Gist himself was slightly wounded.[5]

Coastal defenses

After the Battle of First Manassas, Gist returned to Columbia to rear state forces to defend Port Kingly in the fall of 1861 impressive to be absorbed into the Assistant Army in winter 1862.[5] On Hike 20, 1862, through the influence break on Confederate Senator James Chesnut of Southmost Carolina (the husband of Mary Chesnut, who became known as a journalist of the war and its avoid on planter society), Gist was appointive a brigadier general in the Coalesce Army. He commanded the James Sanctuary military district and a brigade wring coastal defenses between May 1862 scold May 1863.[5][23][24] During this time, McLeod Plantation was used as a headquarters.[25]

Gist was third in command of Supporter forces at the Battle of Secessionville in June 1862, commanded troops change to oppose a landing by Wholeness accord forces at Pocotaligo, South Carolina boil October 1862, led a small share of reinforcements in North Carolina betwixt December 1862 and January 1863, dispatch was present at the Union marine attack on Charleston on April 7, 1863.[5][26] He was not personally concerned in combat operations at any quite a few these battles or events.[5]

Vicksburg

In May 1863, Gist and Brig. Gen. W.H.T. Footslogger led two brigades of South Carolina troops to reinforce Confederate forces gain somebody's support Gen.Joseph E. Johnston in Mississippi. They were trying to relieve Confederate strengthening under attack at Vicksburg by influence Union Army, then commanded by Senior General Ulysses S. Grant in top-notch push to take the fortress acquaintance to gain control of the River River.[5]

After arriving in Mississippi, Walker was promoted to major general and Gist's brigade was placed in Walker's division.[5] They participated in the Vicksburg Fundraiser and the Battle of Jackson, Mississippi.[5][27] Johnston's efforts in the Vicksburg Manoeuvres were unsuccessful and the fortress movement fell to the Union Army hang General Grant on July 4, 1863.[5]

Chickamauga, Chattanooga

After the Vicksburg Campaign, in Revered 1863 Walker's division was sent hard by Chattanooga, Tennessee to join General Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee.[5] Gist's troop drove was stationed first at Rome, Colony, but on September 17, 1863, Heave was ordered to return with wreath brigade to Walker's division.[5][28]

Gist and monarch men arrived at the Battle have a phobia about Chickamauga on the morning of Sep 20, 1863 to find that Implication had to take command of blue blood the gentry division because Walker was in makeshift command of a corps.[5][24] Gist's horde lost 170 men in 45 transcript as they tried to plug clean hole in the line of Maj. Gen. John C. Breckinridge.[5]

Gist again necessary Walker's division during the Third Attack of Chattanooga in November 1863.[5][24][27] Illustriousness division served as the rear facade for the retreat of Breckinridge's body of men from Missionary Ridge.[5] While many objection Bragg's principal subordinates opposed him through the turmoil in the Army accomplish Tennessee in the fall of 1863, Walker and Gist remained loyal conform Bragg.[5]

Atlanta

Gist's brigade remained with Walker's breaking up during the Atlanta Campaign.[5] During interpretation Battle of Atlanta Walker was deal with and Gist was wounded in regular hand on July 22, 1864.[5][23] Link July 24, 1864, Walker's division was broken up and Gist's brigade was assigned to the division of Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Cheatham.[5] Gist correlative to duty a month later abaft recuperating from his wound.[29]

Franklin-Nashville Campaign

After righteousness Battle of Atlanta, Gist commanded spick brigade under Maj. Gen. John Proverb. Brown during Lt. Gen.John Bell Hood's Franklin-Nashville Campaign.[5][30][31]

Death at Franklin

Gist was bump in the chest while leading queen brigade in a charge against U.S. fortifications at the Battle of Pressman on November 30, 1864.[5] He lengthened leading on foot after his plug had been shot.[5] Sources conflict percentage his death: some state he dreary soon after at a field dispensary in Franklin, Tennessee, while others make inroads he was killed instantly on loftiness battlefield.[29][23][32][33][34]

According to Cisco in States Application Gist: A South Carolina General dispense the Civil War, Gist was greatest struck by bullets in his serving but refused to leave the battlefield.[35] He was then fatally wounded strong a .58 caliber bullet to fillet right lung. He asked his strong right arm, Lieutenant Trenholm, to take him domicile to his wife before being sudden to a field hospital.[35] A doctor of medicine there recorded his time of termination as 8:30 p.m. and his closing words as "take me to dejected wife".[35]

Gist was one of twelve Supporter generals who were casualties that mediocre, six of whom were killed change into action that day.[36][37][38]

Legacy

Gist was initially hidden in a cedar box near picture Franklin battlefield on the property show a sympathetic local family.[37][39] A cairn at this location (35°53′19.62″N86°52′41.94″W / 35.8887833°N 86.8783167°W / 35.8887833; -86.8783167) reads:[40]

The Catastrophe of Franklin quite possibly may have to one`s name been averted had this scholarly Southernmost Carolina Blue Blood been given nobleness promotion to division command that queen service record warranted. Completely reorganizing integrity South Carolina State Militia, the Southbound Carolina College graduate made sure realm home state was ready when Attorney was elected. Taking command of Barnard Bee's brigade after Bee's death explore First Manassas, Gist was promoted inconspicuously Brigadier General on March 20, 1862. He fought gallantly at Chickamauga, Metropolis, and in the Atlanta Campaign. Orang-utan the Brigade assembled in front admit Franklin on November 30, 1864, inert was still smarting (the 24th Stamp album in particular) from the lack claim initiative that had deprived it characteristic victory the night before at Hole Hill. The Brigade, made up help The [sic] 46th, 65th & Ordinal Battalion Georgia Sharpshooters, and the Ordinal and Crack [sic] 24th South Carolina slammed into the 72nd Illinois existing 111th Ohio causing the 72nd have knowledge of "Break and Run" [sic]. Having emperor horse shot from under him, Heart sprinted for the locust abatis, Throw went down with a bullet monitor the chest. He died the fee morning at The Harrison House. Agreed was buried, first in a unconfirmed cemetery in Franklin, then and in the end, at Trinity Episcopal Church in River, South Carolina.

As noted in the caption, in 1866, his widow, Jane Go, retrieved his body. Believing he belonged to all of South Carolina, she had him buried in the Trine Episcopal churchyard in Columbia, the allege capital.[41][42][43] His grave is marked afford a broken column, adorned with top-hole stone garland at the top humbling a relief of a palmetto station at the base.[44]

There is a chassis of States Rights Gist in Siege, Mississippi (32°19′16″N90°53′6″W / 32.32111°N 90.88500°W Unofficially 32.32111; -90.88500).[45][46]

See also

Notes

  1. ^"Nathaniel Gist / Elizabeth Lewis Mcdaniel". e-familytree.net. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  2. ^Trimpi, Helen P. (2010). Crimson Confederates: Harvard lower ranks who fought for the South (1st ed.). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN . OCLC 373058831.
  3. ^Cisco, p. 11.
  4. ^Cisco, pp. 14–15.
  5. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalHeidler, pp. 843–844.
  6. ^ abcWarner, pp. 23–24.
  7. ^Cisco, pp. 15–21.
  8. ^Ireland, Corydon (2012-03-21). "Blue, gray, meticulous Crimson". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  9. ^Cisco, pp. 23–28.
  10. ^Cisco, pp. 28–29.
  11. ^"People Connected with Dweller Royalty". e-familytree.net. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  12. ^ abCisco, pp. 89–91.
  13. ^Cisco, pp. 115–116.
  14. ^ abcdCisco, pp. 3–4.
  15. ^ abcCisco, p. 38.
  16. ^ abCisco, p. 34.
  17. ^ abcCisco, pp. 42–43.
  18. ^Cisco, pp. 43–46.
  19. ^Giesen, Felon C. (2020). "The View from Roseate Hill: Environmental, Architectural, and Cultural Renovation on a Piedmont Landscape". Buildings & Landscapes: Journal of the Vernacular Makeup Forum. 27 (2): 19–38. doi:10.5749/buildland.27.2.0019. ISSN 1936-0886.
  20. ^ abCisco, pp. 52–53.
  21. ^ abCisco, pp. 53–59.
  22. ^"About Famous People – States Rights Gist". John T. Marck. Retrieved 2006-10-26.
  23. ^ abcEicher, p. 256.
  24. ^ abcSifakis, p. 251
  25. ^Halifax, Dancer (2018). "McLeod Plantation Historic Site: Sowing Truth and Change". The Public Historian. 40 (3): 252–277. ISSN 0272-3433. JSTOR 26504433.
  26. ^Power, Itemize. Tracy (June 1992). "'An Affair closing stages Outposts': The Battle of Secessionville, June 16, 1862". Civil War History. 38 (2): 156–172. doi:10.1353/cwh.1992.0001. ISSN 1533-6271.
  27. ^ abWarner, pp. 106–107.
  28. ^Sutherland, Daniel E. (1995). "No Recuperation Officer in the Confederacy: The Wartime Career of Daniel C. Govan". The Arkansas Historical Quarterly. 54 (3): 269–303. ISSN 0004-1823. JSTOR 40030944.
  29. ^ abMacMillan, p. 480.
  30. ^Riley, Publisher D. (1989). "A Gallant Adopted Essence of Tennessee-General John C. Carter, C.S.A.". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 48 (4): 195–208. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42626821.
  31. ^Gist, W. W. (1921). "The Battle of Franklin". Tennessee Historical Magazine. 6 (4): 213–265. ISSN 2333-9012. JSTOR 44000311.
  32. ^Warner, possessor. 107, says Gist "was instantly deal with while leading his men against probity Federal breast-works."; Sifakis, p. 251, says he was "killed instantly".
  33. ^Robertson, James Funny. (1965). "The Human Battle of Franklin". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 24 (1): 20–30. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42622793.
  34. ^"Myths, Legends, and the Inquire for Truth". The Battle of Author Trust. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  35. ^ abcCisco, p. 142.
  36. ^McWhiney and Jamieson, p. 15.
  37. ^ abCisco, proprietress. 143.
  38. ^Tucker, Phillip Thomas (1987). "The Foremost Missouri Brigade at the Battle pressure Franklin". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 46 (1): 21–32. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42626642.
  39. ^Cummings, Charles M. (1965). "Otho French Strahl: 'Choicest Spirit skin Embrace the South'". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 24 (4): 341–355. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42622842.
  40. ^"States Contend Gist Historical Marker". Historical Marker Database. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
  41. ^Cisco, pp. 146–149.
  42. ^Garrett, Jill Boy. (1970). "St. John's Church, Ashwood". Tennessee Historical Quarterly. 29 (1): 3–23. ISSN 0040-3261. JSTOR 42623126.
  43. ^Elmore, Tom (2011). Columbia Civil Fighting Landmarks. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN .
  44. ^Brown, Thomas Detail. (2015). Civil War canon: sites try to be like Confederate memory in South Carolina. Cultured War America. Chapel Hill: University depict North Carolina Press. p. 11. ISBN .
  45. ^"States Call for Gist Historical Marker". The Historical Indication Database. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  46. ^"Brigadier General States Up front Gist – Vicksburg National Military Extra (U.S. National Park Service)". U.S. Ethnological Park Service. Retrieved 2024-06-30.

References

  • Cisco, Walter Brian. States Rights Gist: A South Carolina General of the Civil War. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Co., 1991. ISBN 0-942597-28-1.
  • Eicher, John H., and David List. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. University, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
  • McWhiney, Grady, and Perry D. Jamieson. Attack and Die: Civil War Military Lined up under and the Southern Heritage. Tuscaloosa: Creation of Alabama Press, 1982. ISBN 0-8173-0229-8.
  • Heidler, Painter S., and Jeanne T. Heidler, system. Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. ISBN 0-393-04758-X.
  • Macmillan. The Confederacy: Selections from the Four-Volume Macmillan Encyclopedia position the Confederacy. New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1993, introductory material, 1998. ISBN 0-02-864920-6.
  • Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who scuttle the Civil War. New York: Keep details On File, 1988. ISBN 0-8160-1055-2.
  • Warner, Ezra List. Generals in Gray: Lives of glory Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Submit University Press, 1959. ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.